172、if, whether
一、if 和whether作连词都可以引导宾语从句,两词常可换用,但if一般用在口语中而且不跟or not在后面,而whether则常跟or not。例如:
Peter didn’t know if (whether) we should write or phone.彼特不知道我们是写信好还是打电话好。
He asked me whether I knew Mr. Smith. 他问我是否认识斯密斯先生。
The boy asked the teacher whether it was true or not.那男孩问老师是否是真的。
二、whether可以引导让步状语从句表示“不管”;还可以引导主语、表语从句表示“是否”。但if不能引导这三种从句。例如:
Whether he will join the group matters little.他是否参加这个小组关系不大。(主语从句)
Whether my wife agrees or not, I shall do that.不管我妻子是否同意,我都要做。(让步状语从句)
The question is whether we can do it.问题是我们是否能做这事。(表语从句)
三、if可以引导条件状语从句。但whether不能引导条件状语从句。而if引导条件状语从句又分两种情况:一种是引导真实条件句;另一种是引导虚拟条件句。例如:
If you see him , give him this note. 你要是见到他,就把这个便条给他。(真实条件句)
If anything had happened, he would have let her know.要是发生了任何情况,他都会让她知晓。(虚拟句——对过去情况假设)
If I were you, I should go to night school.如果我是你,我就会去上夜校。(虚拟句——对现在情况假设)
If you arrived in the moon tomorrow, I should give you a sumptuous house. 要是你明天能登上月球,我就送给你一套豪宅。(虚拟句——对将来情况假设,能实现的可能性小)