初中英语之语法回顾 形容词和副词基本用法总结
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形容词
一 .定义:
用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词,叫形容词。
二. 形容词的作用
1. 定语
You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.
2. 表语
Your coat is too small.
3. 宾语补足语
The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.
4. 注意:
(1)有些形容词只能作表语,如:alone, afraid, asleep 等。
Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.
The old man is alone.
(2)形容词用来修饰 something, anything, nothing, everything 等不定代词,要放在这些词的后面。
You'd better tell us something interesting.
The police found nothing strange in the room.
(3)多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是:
1)冠词或人称代词 2)数词 3)性质 4)大小 5)形状 6)表示老少,新旧7)颜色 8)事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。
His grandpa still lives in this small short house.
他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。
The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.
那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。
(4)形容词名词化:有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词,表示一类人,谓语常用复数。这类词有:rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white(表示人种等)。
The young should take good care of the old.
年轻人应该好好照顾老人。
(5)形容词短语做定语时要后置。
They are the students easy to teach.
他们是很容易交的学生。
We live in a house much larger than yours.
我们住的房子比你们的大得多。
(6)else 要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。
Did you see anybody else?
你看到别的人了吗?
三、以-ly 结尾的形容词
1. 大部分形容词加-ly 可构成副词。但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,
ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。
Her singing was lovely.
He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2. 有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词,如daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。
The Times is a weekly paper. 《时代周刊》为周刊。
The Times is published weekly. 《时代周刊》每周发行一期。
副词
一.定义:
副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。
二. 副词的位置 :
在实义动词之前、 be 动词、助动词之后;多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。
注意:
(1)大多数方式副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡。例如:
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.
(2)方式副词 well,badly,hard 等只放在句尾。例如:
Alice can play the piano very well.
三. 副词的排列顺序:
1. 时间,地点副词,顺序是:由小到大。
2. 方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用 and 或 but 等连词连接。例如:
Check your homework slowly and carefully.
3. 多个不同副词排列:程度 地点 方式 时间副词。
注意 1:副词 very 可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。例如:
(错)She very likes bananas.
(对) She likes bananas very much. /She really likes bananas.
注意 2:副词 enough 要放在形容词的后面,形容词 enough 放在名词前后都可以。
例如:
I don't think you can do this job well enough.
He has enough hamburgers to eat.
四. 兼有两种形式的副词
1. close 与 closely
close 意思是"近";closely 意思是"仔细地"。例如:
He is standing close to me.
Look at the little baby closely.
2. late 与 lately
late 意思是"晚";lately 意思是"最近"。例如:
It's too late for you to catch the bus.
What are you doing lately?
3. deep 与 deeply
deep 意思是"深",表示空间深度;deeply 时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"。例如:
I was deeply moved by what you did.
4. high 与 highly
high 表示空间高度;highly 表示程度,相当于 much。例如:
There is a high building near my home.
Everyone aggree highly of his ideas.
5. wide 与 widely
wide 表示空间宽度;widely 意思是"广泛地","在许多地方"。例如:
The door is opened wide.
English is widely used in the world.
6. free 与 freely
free 的意思是"免费";freely 的意思是"无限制地"。例如:
Everything is free here.
You can ride the bike freely if you buy this card.
五.各种类型副词的位置
英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同,它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰 动词、形容词、副词等。
1. 多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。
2. 时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。
注意:
4. 频度副词一般放在 be 动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后,实义动词之前。例如:
I usually have lunch at school.
She always complains to others about her job.
5. 有时为了加强语气,频度副词也可放在句首。例如:
He often rides his bike to school, but sometimes he goes to school by bus.
6. 程度副词修饰动词时,与频度副词相同修饰形容词和副词时,放在它所修饰的词前 面。例如:
I nearly found all the right answers to these questions.
7. 否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词 be 或助动词之后。例如:
They never go out on school nights.
注:有些词既可用作形容词也可副词。如:late, wide, well, fast, easy, early 等。例如:
He got up too late, so he didn't catch the early bus.
If he got up early, he wouldn't be late for class.